Nominate candidates

• Store a list of candidates and the number of votes each candidate receives.
• Store a list of the accounts that have voted to ensure that every account can vote only once.
• Add nominated candidates to the candidate table.
• List all of the candidates that are stored in the table.

Before you begin

• You have an internet connection and a web browser installed on your local computer.
• You have a code editor, such as Visual Studio Code, access to an interactive terminal shell, and are generally familiar with using command-line programs.
• You have cloned the voting-dapp repository to create your project directory as described in Prepare your workspace.
• You have the development network running in a Docker container as described in Start a local blockchain.
• You are connected to the development network using your local host IP address and port number 8080.
• You have created and funded an administrative account as described in Add an administrator account.
• You have created a principal namespace on the development network as described in Define a namespace.
• You have defined the keyset that controls your namespace using the administrative account as described in Define keysets.
• You have created a minimal election module using the Pact smart contract language as described in Write a smart contract.

Define the database schema and table

1. Open the election-dapp/pact/election.pact file in the code editor on your computer.

2. Add the schema for the database table inside of the election module definition with the following lines of code:

     (defschema candidates-schema    "Candidates table schema"    name:string    votes:integer)   (deftable candidates:{candidates-schema})

     (defschema candidates-schema    "Candidates table schema"    name:string    votes:integer)   (deftable candidates:{candidates-schema})

   In this code, defschema defines a candidate-schema for a database table with two columns: name of type string and votes of type integer.

3. Create the table outside of the election module by adding the following lines of code at the end of the ./pact/election.pact file, after the closing parenthesis ()) of the election module definition:

   (if (read-msg "init-candidates")  [(create-table candidates)]  [])

   (if (read-msg "init-candidates")  [(create-table candidates)]  [])

   With this code, the read-msg function reads the init-candidates field from the transaction data. If you set this field to true in the data for your module deployment transaction, the statement between the first square brackets—(create-table candidates)—is executed to create the candidates table based on its schema definition inside the election module.

Test table creation

1. Open the election-dapp/pact folder in the code editor on your computer.

2. Create a new file named election.repl in the pact folder.

3. Set the env-data and env-sigs fields for the REPL test environment to use the public key for your own administrative account.

   For example:

   (env-data  { 'admin-keyset:      { 'keys : [ "5ec41b89d323398a609ffd54581f2bd6afc706858063e8f3e8bc76dc5c35e2c0" ]      , 'pred : 'keys-all      }  , 'upgrade: false  , 'init-candidates: true  }) (env-sigs  [{ 'key  : "5ec41b89d323398a609ffd54581f2bd6afc706858063e8f3e8bc76dc5c35e2c0"   , 'caps : []  }])

   (env-data  { 'admin-keyset:      { 'keys : [ "5ec41b89d323398a609ffd54581f2bd6afc706858063e8f3e8bc76dc5c35e2c0" ]      , 'pred : 'keys-all      }  , 'upgrade: false  , 'init-candidates: true  }) (env-sigs  [{ 'key  : "5ec41b89d323398a609ffd54581f2bd6afc706858063e8f3e8bc76dc5c35e2c0"   , 'caps : []  }])

   Also, notice that 'init-candidates: true is included in the environment data to ensure that the (create-table candidates) command is executed when you load the election module into the Pact REPL.

4. Define your principal namespace and the admin-keyset for the namespace using the principal namespace you used in your election.pact file.

   (begin-tx "Define principal namespace")  (define-namespace 'n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1 (read-keyset 'admin-keyset ) (read-keyset 'admin-keyset ))(commit-tx) (begin-tx "Define admin-keyset")  (namespace 'n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1)  (define-keyset "n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.admin-keyset" (read-keyset 'admin-keyset ))(commit-tx)

   (begin-tx "Define principal namespace")  (define-namespace 'n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1 (read-keyset 'admin-keyset ) (read-keyset 'admin-keyset ))(commit-tx) (begin-tx "Define admin-keyset")  (namespace 'n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1)  (define-keyset "n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.admin-keyset" (read-keyset 'admin-keyset ))(commit-tx)

   These transactions are required because, inside of the election.pact file, the election module is defined in your principal namespace and it is governed by the admin-keyset in that namespace.

5. Add a transaction to load the election module:

   (begin-tx "Load election module")  (load "election.pact")(commit-tx)

   (begin-tx "Load election module")  (load "election.pact")(commit-tx)

6. Execute the transaction using the pact command-line program running locally or using pact-cli from the Docker container.

   If pact-cli is installed locally, run the following command inside the pact folder in current terminal shell:

   pact election.repl --trace

   pact election.repl --trace

   As before, if you don't have pact installed locally, you can load the election.repl file with the following command:

   (load "election.repl")

   (load "election.repl")

   If you are using the pact-cli in a browser, you can replace the pact election.repl --trace command with (load "election.repl") throughout this tutorial.

   You should see that the transaction succeeds with output similar to the following:

   election.pact:3:0:Trace: Loaded module n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election, hash TW9dmlTaCle12OF9zwn9Z_oF1cX2qhTbZYZAwDXkTqYelection.pact:16:0:Trace: ["TableCreated"]election.repl:27:0:Trace: Commit Tx 2: Load election moduleLoad successful

   election.pact:3:0:Trace: Loaded module n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election, hash TW9dmlTaCle12OF9zwn9Z_oF1cX2qhTbZYZAwDXkTqYelection.pact:16:0:Trace: ["TableCreated"]election.repl:27:0:Trace: Commit Tx 2: Load election moduleLoad successful

List candidates from a table

1. Open the election-dapp/pact/election.repl file in the code editor on your computer.

2. Add a transaction to test the current implementation of the election.list-candidates function:

   (begin-tx "List candidates")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect    "There should be no candidates in the candidates table"    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]    (list-candidates)  )(commit-tx)

   (begin-tx "List candidates")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect    "There should be no candidates in the candidates table"    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]    (list-candidates)  )(commit-tx)

3. Execute the transaction using the pact command-line program:

   pact election.repl --trace

   pact election.repl --trace

   If the current implementation of the list-candidates function returns [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], you should see the transaction succeed with output similar to the following:

   election.repl:29:0:Trace: Begin Tx 3: List candidateselection.repl:30:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:31:2:Trace: Expect: success: There should be no candidates in the candidates tableelection.repl:36:0:Trace: Commit Tx 3: List candidatesLoad successful

   election.repl:29:0:Trace: Begin Tx 3: List candidateselection.repl:30:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:31:2:Trace: Expect: success: There should be no candidates in the candidates tableelection.repl:36:0:Trace: Commit Tx 3: List candidatesLoad successful

   If you were to change the expected output to an empty list ([]) and run the file again, you would see the transaction fails with output similar to the following:

   election.repl:37:0:Trace: Commit Tx 3: List candidateselection.repl:32:2:ExecError: FAILURE: There should be no candidates in the candidates table: expected []:[<a>], received [1 2 3 4 5]:[<c>]Load failed

   election.repl:37:0:Trace: Commit Tx 3: List candidateselection.repl:32:2:ExecError: FAILURE: There should be no candidates in the candidates table: expected []:[<a>], received [1 2 3 4 5]:[<c>]Load failed

   You can fix this issue by updating the return value of the list-candidates function in the election-dapp/pact/election.pact file.

4. Open the election-dapp/pact/election.pact file in your code editor.

5. Update the return value of the list-candidates function to select all of the rows of the candidates table, including the key and the column values of each row.

   For example:

   (defun list-candidates ()  (fold-db candidates    (lambda (key columnData) true)    (lambda (key columnData) (+ { "key": key } columnData))  ))

   (defun list-candidates ()  (fold-db candidates    (lambda (key columnData) true)    (lambda (key columnData) (+ { "key": key } columnData))  ))

   In this code, the fold-db function is like a SELECT * FROM table statement in SQL, except that it fetches the value of the key column separately from the other column values.

   • The first argument for fold-db is the table name.
   • The second argument is a predicate function that determines which rows should be selected. To fetch all rows from a table, you can simply return true here.
   • The third argument is an accumulator function that allows you to map the data of each row to a different format.

   This example formats the return value of the fold-db function as a JSON object with the following structure.

   [  { "key": "1", "name": "Candidate A", "votes": 0 },  { "key": "2", "name": "Candidate B", "votes": 0 }]

   [  { "key": "1", "name": "Candidate A", "votes": 0 },  { "key": "2", "name": "Candidate B", "votes": 0 }]

6. Execute the transaction using the pact command-line program:

   pact election.repl --trace

   pact election.repl --trace

   Because there are no candidates in the table, you should see the transaction succeeds with output similar to the following:

   election.repl:30:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:31:2:Trace: Expect: success: There should be no candidates in the candidates tableelection.repl:36:0:Trace: Commit Tx 3: List candidatesLoad successful

   election.repl:30:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:31:2:Trace: Expect: success: There should be no candidates in the candidates tableelection.repl:36:0:Trace: Commit Tx 3: List candidatesLoad successful

   Note that you shouldn't include a call to a function like fold-db in transactions sent to the blockchain. Instead, you can make a local request to select all rows from a table to save gas. You'll learn more about making local requests using the Kadena client later in this tutorial.

Add candidates

1. Open the election-dapp/pact/election.repl file in your code editor.

2. Add a transaction to test that candidates have been added to the database using the election.add-candidate function:

   (begin-tx "Add candidates")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect    "Add Candidate A"    "Write succeeded"    (add-candidate { "key": "1", "name": "Candidate A" })  )  (expect    "Add Candidate B"    "Write succeeded"    (add-candidate { "key": "2", "name": "Candidate B" })  )  (expect    "Add Candidate C"    "Write succeeded"    (add-candidate { "key": "3", "name": "Candidate C" })  )(commit-tx)

   (begin-tx "Add candidates")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect    "Add Candidate A"    "Write succeeded"    (add-candidate { "key": "1", "name": "Candidate A" })  )  (expect    "Add Candidate B"    "Write succeeded"    (add-candidate { "key": "2", "name": "Candidate B" })  )  (expect    "Add Candidate C"    "Write succeeded"    (add-candidate { "key": "3", "name": "Candidate C" })  )(commit-tx)

   If you were to execute the transaction now, the test would fail because the add-candidate function doesn't exist yet in the election module and you would see output similar to the following:

   election.repl:40:0:Error: Cannot resolve add-candidateLoad failed

   election.repl:40:0:Error: Cannot resolve add-candidateLoad failed

   However, from this code, you can see that the add-candidate function accepts a candidate object as an argument, and that the object is defined in JSON format.

   Notice that this object has the fields key and name, while the candidate-schema you defined for the candidates table has two columns name and votes. The votes column always has an initial value of 0 when a new candidate is added, so you don't need to send a value for votes in the transaction.

   The key value is a unique index for the table row that is added. This value can't be automatically generated, so you have to pass a value yourself.

3. Open the election-dapp/pact/election.pact file in your code editor.

4. Define the add-candidate function inside the election module definition to receive a candidate JSON object and call the built-in insert function:

   (defun add-candidate (candidate)  (insert    candidates    (at 'key candidate)    {      "name": (at 'name candidate),      "votes": 0    }  ))

   (defun add-candidate (candidate)  (insert    candidates    (at 'key candidate)    {      "name": (at 'name candidate),      "votes": 0    }  ))

   In this code, you pass the following arguments to the insert function:

   • The name of table you want to update. In this case, the table is the candidates table.
   • The value for the key of the row to be inserted. In this case, the value of the key field is extracted from the candidate object
   • The key-value object representing the row to be inserted into the table. The keys correspond to the column names. In this case, the votes column of the new value always gets a value 0 and the name column gets a value of "Candidate A", "Candidate B", or "Candidate C", as per your test cases.

   Now that you've added the add-candidate function to the election module, you can test it using the election.repl file.

5. Execute the transaction using the pact command-line program:

   pact election.repl --trace

   pact election.repl --trace

   You should see that the transaction succeeds with output similar to the following:

   election.repl:39:0:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:40:0:Trace: Expect: success: Add Candidate Aelection.repl:45:0:Trace: Expect: success: Add Candidate Belection.repl:50:0:Trace: Expect: success: Add Candidate Celection.repl:55:0:Trace: Commit Tx 4: Add candidatesLoad successful

   election.repl:39:0:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:40:0:Trace: Expect: success: Add Candidate Aelection.repl:45:0:Trace: Expect: success: Add Candidate Belection.repl:50:0:Trace: Expect: success: Add Candidate Celection.repl:55:0:Trace: Commit Tx 4: Add candidatesLoad successful

   The key of each row in a table must be unique. You can add a transaction to the election.repl file to test that you can't insert a row with a duplicate key.

6. Add a transaction to the election.repl file to test that you can't insert a row with a duplicate key:

   (begin-tx "Add candidate with existing key")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect-failure    "Database exception: Insert: row found for key 1"    (add-candidate { "key": "1", "name": "Candidate D" })  )(commit-tx)

   (begin-tx "Add candidate with existing key")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect-failure    "Database exception: Insert: row found for key 1"    (add-candidate { "key": "1", "name": "Candidate D" })  )(commit-tx)

   If you were to execute this transaction, it would fail—as expected—with output similar to the following:

   election.repl:57:0:Trace: Begin Tx 5: Add candidate with existing keyelection.repl:58:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:59:2:Trace: Expect failure: success: Database exception: Insert: row found for key 1election.repl:63:0:Trace: Commit Tx 5: Add candidate with existing keyLoad successful

   election.repl:57:0:Trace: Begin Tx 5: Add candidate with existing keyelection.repl:58:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:59:2:Trace: Expect failure: success: Database exception: Insert: row found for key 1election.repl:63:0:Trace: Commit Tx 5: Add candidate with existing keyLoad successful

7. Verify that you only have three candidates in the table by adding the following assertion to the election-dapp/pact/election.repl file:

   (begin-tx "List candidates")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect    "There should be three candidates"    3    (length (list-candidates))  )(commit-tx)

   (begin-tx "List candidates")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect    "There should be three candidates"    3    (length (list-candidates))  )(commit-tx)

8. Execute the transaction using the pact command-line program:

   pact election.repl --trace

   pact election.repl --trace

   You should see that the transaction succeeds with output similar to the following:

   election.repl:64:0:Trace: Begin Tx 6: List candidateselection.repl:65:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:66:2:Trace: Expect: success: There should be three candidateselection.repl:71:0:Trace: Commit Tx 6: List candidatesLoad successful

   election.repl:64:0:Trace: Begin Tx 6: List candidateselection.repl:65:2:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:66:2:Trace: Expect: success: There should be three candidateselection.repl:71:0:Trace: Commit Tx 6: List candidatesLoad successful

   You've now seen how candidates can be stored in a database table and that the list-candidates function works as expected to retrieve information from that table. The next step is to restrict access to the add-candidate function, so that ony the election module owner can update the candidates database.

Guard add-candidate with a capability

1. Open the election-dapp/pact/election.repl file in the code editor on your computer.

2. Add a transaction in which you expect adding a fourth candidate to fail.

   (env-data  { 'admin-keyset :    { 'keys : [ 'other-key ]    , 'pred : 'keys-all    }  }) (env-sigs  [{ 'key  : 'other-key   , 'caps : []  }]) (begin-tx "Add candidate without permission")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect-failure    "Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should fail"    "Keyset failure (keys-all)"    (add-candidate { "key": "4", "name": "Candidate D" })  )(commit-tx)

   (env-data  { 'admin-keyset :    { 'keys : [ 'other-key ]    , 'pred : 'keys-all    }  }) (env-sigs  [{ 'key  : 'other-key   , 'caps : []  }]) (begin-tx "Add candidate without permission")  (use n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.election)  (expect-failure    "Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should fail"    "Keyset failure (keys-all)"    (add-candidate { "key": "4", "name": "Candidate D" })  )(commit-tx)

3. Execute the transaction using the pact command-line program:

   pact election.repl --trace

   pact election.repl --trace

   You should see that the transaction fails with output similar to the following:

   election.repl:89:4:Trace: FAILURE: Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should fail: expected failure, got result = "Write succeeded"election.repl:94:2:Trace: Commit Tx 7: Add candidate without permissionelection.repl:89:4:ExecError: FAILURE: Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should fail: expected failure, got result = "Write succeeded"Load failed

   election.repl:89:4:Trace: FAILURE: Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should fail: expected failure, got result = "Write succeeded"election.repl:94:2:Trace: Commit Tx 7: Add candidate without permissionelection.repl:89:4:ExecError: FAILURE: Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should fail: expected failure, got result = "Write succeeded"Load failed

4. Open the election-dapp/pact/election.pact file in your code editor.

5. Update the add-candidate function to add a capability guard as follows:

   (defun add-candidate (candidate)  (with-capability (GOVERNANCE)    (insert      candidates      (at 'key candidate)      {        "name": (at 'name candidate),        "votes": 0      }    )  ))

   (defun add-candidate (candidate)  (with-capability (GOVERNANCE)    (insert      candidates      (at 'key candidate)      {        "name": (at 'name candidate),        "votes": 0      }    )  ))

   The with-capability function tries to bring the GOVERNANCE in scope of the code block that it wraps. If it fails to do so, because of a keyset failure in this case, the wrapped code block isn't executed.

6. Execute the transaction using the pact command-line program:

   pact election.repl --trace

   pact election.repl --trace

   You should see output similar to the following that verifies the add-candidate function is now guarded by the GOVERNANCE capability:

   election.repl:87:2:Trace: Begin Tx 7: Add candidate without permissionelection.repl:88:4:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:89:4:Trace: Expect failure: success: Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should failelection.repl:94:2:Trace: Commit Tx 7: Add candidate without permissionLoad successful

   election.repl:87:2:Trace: Begin Tx 7: Add candidate without permissionelection.repl:88:4:Trace: Using n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1.electionelection.repl:89:4:Trace: Expect failure: success: Adding a candidate with the wrong keyset should failelection.repl:94:2:Trace: Commit Tx 7: Add candidate without permissionLoad successful

Update the election module locally

1. Verify the development network is currently running on your local computer.

2. Open and unlock the Chainweaver desktop or web application and verify that:

   • You're connected to development network (devnet) from the network list.
   • Your administrative account name with the k: prefix exists on chain 1.
   • Your administrative account name is funded with KDA on chain 1.

   You're going to use Chainweaver to sign the transaction that updates the module.

3. Open the election-dapp/snippets folder in the terminal shell.

4. Update your election module on the development network by running a command similar to the following with your administrative account name:

   npm run deploy-module:devnet -- k:<your-public-key> upgrade init-candidates

   npm run deploy-module:devnet -- k:<your-public-key> upgrade init-candidates

   Remember that k:<your-public-key> is the default account name for the administrative account that you funded in Add an administrator account. You can copy this account name from Chainweaver when viewing the account watch list.

   In addition to the account name, you pass upgrade and init-candidates to add{"init-candidates": true, "upgrade": true} to the transaction data. These fields are required to allow you to update the module and execute the (create-table candidates) statement from your election module.

5. Click Sign All in Chainweaver to sign the request.

   After you click Sign All, the transaction is executed and the results are displayed in your terminal shell. For example, you should see output similar to the following:

   {  gas: 60855,  result: { status: 'success', data: [ 'TableCreated' ] },  reqKey: 'Bd80eOQ-yeWqrcsj6iEuFZ2rcMrv3OsWXhGZKOyEkHw',  logs: 'UjxuW6e-d_p2nmYsytoqdKjqza3Gq_839IIWZ1uQDDs',  events: [    {      params: [Array],      name: 'TRANSFER',      module: [Object],      moduleHash: 'M1gabakqkEi_1N8dRKt4z5lEv1kuC_nxLTnyDCuZIK0'    }  ],  metaData: {    publicMeta: {      creationTime: 1705172812,      ttl: 28800,      gasLimit: 100000,      chainId: '1',      gasPrice: 1e-8,      sender: 'k:5ec41b89d323398a609ffd54581f2bd6afc706858063e8f3e8bc76dc5c35e2c0'    },    blockTime: 1705172951004717,    prevBlockHash: 'AMJ6IoPnkMJ8WZFe6Vso5uuYAhep4gP87ANb7rYyvwg',    blockHeight: 14456  },  continuation: null,  txId: 14483,  preflightWarnings: []}{ status: 'success', data: [ 'TableCreated' ] }

   {  gas: 60855,  result: { status: 'success', data: [ 'TableCreated' ] },  reqKey: 'Bd80eOQ-yeWqrcsj6iEuFZ2rcMrv3OsWXhGZKOyEkHw',  logs: 'UjxuW6e-d_p2nmYsytoqdKjqza3Gq_839IIWZ1uQDDs',  events: [    {      params: [Array],      name: 'TRANSFER',      module: [Object],      moduleHash: 'M1gabakqkEi_1N8dRKt4z5lEv1kuC_nxLTnyDCuZIK0'    }  ],  metaData: {    publicMeta: {      creationTime: 1705172812,      ttl: 28800,      gasLimit: 100000,      chainId: '1',      gasPrice: 1e-8,      sender: 'k:5ec41b89d323398a609ffd54581f2bd6afc706858063e8f3e8bc76dc5c35e2c0'    },    blockTime: 1705172951004717,    prevBlockHash: 'AMJ6IoPnkMJ8WZFe6Vso5uuYAhep4gP87ANb7rYyvwg',    blockHeight: 14456  },  continuation: null,  txId: 14483,  preflightWarnings: []}{ status: 'success', data: [ 'TableCreated' ] }

6. Verify your contract changes in the Chainweaver Module Explorer by refreshing the list of Deployed Contracts, then clicking View for the election module.

   After you click View, the Module Explorer displays the list-candidates and add-candidate functions. If you click Open, you can view the module code in the editor pane and verify that the election module deployed on the local development network is what you expect.

Connect the front-end

List candidates

1. Open election-dapp/frontend/src/repositories/candidate/DevnetCandidateRepository.ts in your code editor.

2. Replace the value of the NAMESPACE constant with your own principal namespace.

   const NAMESPACE = 'n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1';

   const NAMESPACE = 'n_14912521e87a6d387157d526b281bde8422371d1';

3. Review the listCandidates function:

   const listCandidates = async (): Promise<ICandidate[]> => {  const transaction = Pact.builder    // @ts-ignore    .execution(Pact.modules[`${NAMESPACE}.election`]['list-candidates']())    .setMeta({      chainId: CHAIN_ID,      gasLimit: 100000,    })    .setNetworkId(NETWORK_ID)    .createTransaction();   const { result } = await client.dirtyRead(transaction);   return result.status === 'success'    ? (result.data.valueOf() as ICandidate[])    : [];};

   const listCandidates = async (): Promise<ICandidate[]> => {  const transaction = Pact.builder    // @ts-ignore    .execution(Pact.modules[`${NAMESPACE}.election`]['list-candidates']())    .setMeta({      chainId: CHAIN_ID,      gasLimit: 100000,    })    .setNetworkId(NETWORK_ID)    .createTransaction();   const { result } = await client.dirtyRead(transaction);   return result.status === 'success'    ? (result.data.valueOf() as ICandidate[])    : [];};

4. Remove the @ts-ignore comment and notice that the name of your module cannot be found in Pact.modules.

   To fix this problem, you must generate types for your Pact module that can be picked up by the Kadena client (@kadena/client library).

5. Open a terminal, change to the election-dapp/frontend directory, then generate types for your election module by running the following command:

   npm run pactjs:generate:contract:election

   npm run pactjs:generate:contract:election

   This command uses the pactjs library to generate the TypeScript definitions for the election contract and should clear the error reported by the code editor. Depending on the code editor, you might need to close the project in the editor and reopen it to reload the code editor window with the change.

   After you clear the error, note that the listCandidates function:

   • Sets the chain identifier, gas limit, and network identifier before creating the transaction.
   • Uses the dirtyRead method to preview the transaction result without sending a transaction to the blockchain. The dirtyRead method is provided by the Kadena client library. This method allows you to return a raw response for a transaction as you saw when you deployed your smart contract.
   • Processes the response from the development network and returns a list of candidates or an empty list.

6. Change to the terminal where the election-dapp/frontend directory is your current working directory.

7. Install the frontend dependencies by running the following command:

   npm install

   npm install

8. Start the frontend application configured to use the devnet backend by running the following command:

   npm run start-devnet

   npm run start-devnet

9. Open http://localhost:5173 in your browser and verify that the website loads without errors.

   You'll notice that—unlike the frontend configured to the in-memory backend—there are no candidates displayed when the frontend connects to the development network backend. With the development network backend, candidates must be added to the candidates table before they can be displayed. To do that, you must first modify the addCandidate function in the frontend.

Add candidate

1. Open election-dapp/frontend/src/repositories/candidate/DevnetCandidateRepository.ts in your code editor.

2. Review the addCandidate function.

   In the first line, the function receives a candidate object and the account of the transaction sender.

   const addCandidate = async (candidate: ICandidate, sender: string = ''): Promise<void> => {

   const addCandidate = async (candidate: ICandidate, sender: string = ''): Promise<void> => {

   You provide this information using a form on the website.

   The next lines start constructing the transaction:

   const transaction = Pact.builder.execution(  // @ts-ignore  Pact.modules[`${NAMESPACE}.election`]['add-candidate'](candidate),);

   const transaction = Pact.builder.execution(  // @ts-ignore  Pact.modules[`${NAMESPACE}.election`]['add-candidate'](candidate),);

3. Remove the @ts-ignore comment to enable the frontend function to call the add-candidate function in your election module.

   The function takes the candidate object to insert data into the candidates database when the transaction is executed.

   Because the add-candidate function is guarded by the GOVERNANCE capability that enforces the admin-keyset account, the next lines add the keyset and signer data to the transaction:

   .addData('admin-keyset', {  keys: [accountKey(sender)],  pred: 'keys-all',}).addSigner(accountKey(sender))

   .addData('admin-keyset', {  keys: [accountKey(sender)],  pred: 'keys-all',}).addSigner(accountKey(sender))

   These lines correspond to the (env-data) and (env-sig) code you specified in your ./pact/election.repl file. Unlike the transaction for listing candidates, the transaction for adding candidates must be sent to the blockchain, so you must pay a transaction fee—in units of gas—for the resources consumed to process the transaction.

   The value of the senderAccount field in the metadata specifies the account that pays for gas. This is important to remember because, in the Add a gas station tutorial, you'll specify the account of a gas station to pay for transactions that are signed by voters. However, the transaction to add a candidate must be signed and paid for by the same account.

   .addSigner(accountKey(sender)).setMeta({  chainId: CHAIN_ID,  senderAccount: sender,})

   .addSigner(accountKey(sender)).setMeta({  chainId: CHAIN_ID,  senderAccount: sender,})

   The addCandidate function also implements a preflight request. The preflight request allows you to test a transaction without sending it. The response to the preflight request contains information about the expected success of the transaction and the how much gas the transaction requires. If the transaction would fail or the gas fee is higher than you would like, you can choose not to send the transaction.

   const preflightResponse = await client.preflight(signedTx); if (preflightResponse.result.status === 'failure') {  throw preflightResponse.result.error;}

   const preflightResponse = await client.preflight(signedTx); if (preflightResponse.result.status === 'failure') {  throw preflightResponse.result.error;}

   The remainder of the addCandidate function deals with sending the transaction and processing the response.

4. Open and unlock the Chainweaver desktop or web application and verify that:

   • You're connected to development network (devnet) from the network list.
   • Your administrative account name with the k: prefix exists on chain 1.
   • Your administrative account name is funded with KDA on chain 1.

   You're going to use Chainweaver to sign the transaction that adds a candidate to the database.

5. Click Accounts in the Chainweaver navigation panel, then copy the account name for your administrative account.

6. Open http://localhost:5173 in your browser, then click Set Account.

7. Paste your administrative account, then click Save.

8. Click Add candidate, type the candidate information, then click Save.

   Type candidate information using the following format:

   { "key": "1", "name": "Your name" }

   { "key": "1", "name": "Your name" }

9. Click Sign All.

   After signing the request, a loading indicator is displayed on the website while the transaction is in progress. As soon as the transaction completes successfully, the candidate you nominated is added to the list.

Next steps

• Upgrade the smart contract for your election website.
• Include a candidates database table and functions for listing and adding candidates to the table.
• Connect the frontend of the election website to the local development network as a backend.

git checkout 08-voting

git checkout 08-voting